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冬小麥要施足底肥
發布時間：2022-11-01 09:48:40
施足小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)底(di)(di)肥是進(jin)步(bu)麥(mai)(mai)田土壤肥力(li)的(de)(de)重要措(cuo)施。冬(dong)(dong)小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)底(di)(di)肥施用方(fang)法(fa)妥當，能夠(gou)最大限(xian)度(du)地發(fa)揮(hui)肥效，使冬(dong)(dong)前幼苗早(zao)分蘗、早(zao)發(fa)根，培(pei)養(yang)(yang)壯苗，進(jin)步(bu)小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)抗(kang)寒性(xing)，入冬(dong)(dong)后，能使莖(jing)葉生長迅(xun)速，幼穗分化徹(che)底(di)(di)，單位面積(ji)內形成的(de)(de)穗較多較大，并為春后生長打(da)下(xia)根底(di)(di)。緩解(jie)春季辦理時(shi)水分與(yu)養(yang)(yang)分的(de)(de)矛(mao)盾，爭(zheng)奪春季辦理主(zhu)動。同時(shi)，底(di)(di)肥對小(xiao)麥(mai)(mai)中期穩(wen)長、成穗和防(fang)止(zhi)后期早(zao)衰(shuai)也(ye)有杰出作用。
底肥(fei)(fei)施用方法(fa)：數(shu)量(liang)多時，應(ying)全(quan)層(ceng)施用，粗(cu)肥(fei)(fei)可(ke)在(zai)犁地前深施，精肥(fei)(fei)恰當(dang)淺(qian)施作表(biao)層(ceng)肥(fei)(fei)。底肥(fei)(fei)數(shu)量(liang)少時，應(ying)會(hui)集施用，選(xuan)用條施或(huo)穴施的方法(fa)。
施(shi)(shi)(shi)足(zu)底(di)(di)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)不僅是指肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料數量(liang)(liang)要(yao)(yao)足(zu)，更重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)是指養分合理配比，平(ping)衡上(shang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，即配方(fang)上(shang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。高產麥(mai)田的(de)上(shang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)準則(ze)是“穩(wen)氮(dan)(dan)(dan)磷(lin)、補鉀(jia)、配微、增施(shi)(shi)(shi)有機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)”。底(di)(di)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)中(zhong)氮(dan)(dan)(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)用份額一(yi)般(ban)(ban)占全(quan)生(sheng)育期施(shi)(shi)(shi)氮(dan)(dan)(dan)量(liang)(liang)的(de)30%~70%，高肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力地塊底(di)(di)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)份額要(yao)(yao)恰(qia)當下降，低(di)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力地塊施(shi)(shi)(shi)用底(di)(di)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)份額應(ying)恰(qia)當進步。全(quan)生(sheng)育期總施(shi)(shi)(shi)氮(dan)(dan)(dan)量(liang)(liang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)用的(de)準則(ze)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)根據地力水平(ping)確定。高肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力地塊一(yi)般(ban)(ban)每畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)純氮(dan)(dan)(dan)12~14公(gong)斤(jin)；中(zhong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力地塊一(yi)般(ban)(ban)每畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)純氮(dan)(dan)(dan)13~15公(gong)斤(jin)；低(di)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力地塊一(yi)般(ban)(ban)每畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)純氮(dan)(dan)(dan)14~16公(gong)斤(jin)。磷(lin)鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)以及微肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)則(ze)悉數用作底(di)(di)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)用量(liang)(liang)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)每畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)五氧化二(er)磷(lin)11公(gong)斤(jin)，氧化鉀(jia)10公(gong)斤(jin)左右(you)。底(di)(di)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)用方(fang)法：數量(liang)(liang)多時(shi)，應(ying)全(quan)層施(shi)(shi)(shi)用，粗肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)可在犁地前深施(shi)(shi)(shi)，精肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)恰(qia)當淺施(shi)(shi)(shi)作表層肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。底(di)(di)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)數量(liang)(liang)少時(shi)，應(ying)會集施(shi)(shi)(shi)用，選用條(tiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)或穴施(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)方(fang)法。
施(shi)(shi)(shi)足(zu)底(di)(di)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)不僅是指肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料數量(liang)(liang)要(yao)(yao)足(zu)，更重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)是指養分合理配比，平(ping)衡上(shang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，即配方(fang)上(shang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。高產麥(mai)田的(de)上(shang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)準則(ze)是“穩(wen)氮(dan)(dan)(dan)磷(lin)、補鉀(jia)、配微、增施(shi)(shi)(shi)有機肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)”。底(di)(di)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)中(zhong)氮(dan)(dan)(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)用份額一(yi)般(ban)(ban)占全(quan)生(sheng)育期施(shi)(shi)(shi)氮(dan)(dan)(dan)量(liang)(liang)的(de)30%~70%，高肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力地塊底(di)(di)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)份額要(yao)(yao)恰(qia)當下降，低(di)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力地塊施(shi)(shi)(shi)用底(di)(di)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)份額應(ying)恰(qia)當進步。全(quan)生(sheng)育期總施(shi)(shi)(shi)氮(dan)(dan)(dan)量(liang)(liang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)用的(de)準則(ze)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)根據地力水平(ping)確定。高肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力地塊一(yi)般(ban)(ban)每畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)純氮(dan)(dan)(dan)12~14公(gong)斤(jin)；中(zhong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力地塊一(yi)般(ban)(ban)每畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)純氮(dan)(dan)(dan)13~15公(gong)斤(jin)；低(di)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力地塊一(yi)般(ban)(ban)每畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)純氮(dan)(dan)(dan)14~16公(gong)斤(jin)。磷(lin)鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)以及微肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)則(ze)悉數用作底(di)(di)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)，施(shi)(shi)(shi)用量(liang)(liang)一(yi)般(ban)(ban)每畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)五氧化二(er)磷(lin)11公(gong)斤(jin)，氧化鉀(jia)10公(gong)斤(jin)左右(you)。底(di)(di)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)施(shi)(shi)(shi)用方(fang)法：數量(liang)(liang)多時(shi)，應(ying)全(quan)層施(shi)(shi)(shi)用，粗肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)可在犁地前深施(shi)(shi)(shi)，精肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)恰(qia)當淺施(shi)(shi)(shi)作表層肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。底(di)(di)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)數量(liang)(liang)少時(shi)，應(ying)會集施(shi)(shi)(shi)用，選用條(tiao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)或穴施(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)方(fang)法。
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