深耕整地:花生(sheng)(sheng)適合種于排水良好、土層深沉肥(fei)美、pH值為(wei)6.5~7的(de)沙壤土或輕壤土。深耕能降低重茬(cha)對產(chan)量的(de)影響,添(tian)加土壤的(de)通(tong)透性,促進土壤有(you)利微生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)的(de)活(huo)動,從而添(tian)加養分(fen)、水分(fen)的(de)吸收利用率。
??施(shi)足底肥:莊稼一(yi)枝花,全靠肥當家。盡管花生(sheng)根(gen)(gen)系(xi)發達(da),又(you)有(you)根(gen)(gen)瘤(liu)菌固氮,但還是要施(shi)入必(bi)定的肥料來(lai)確保產量。每畝施(shi)用生(sheng)物(wu)有(you)機肥80~120公斤+花生(sheng)專用肥40~50公斤作底肥,既能(neng)為花生(sheng)供(gong)給充足的養分,又(you)可有(you)用避免(mian)重茬、死棵(ke)的發生(sheng)。
??曬種分(fen)級(ji):要挑選(xuan)適(shi)合當地(di)氣候(hou)和土壤條件的花(hua)生種類。耕(geng)種前曬果2~3天(tian),以進步其生理活(huo)性、增(zeng)強吸水能力和發芽勢。曬后剝(bo)(bo)殼,剝(bo)(bo)殼適(shi)合時間在(zai)耕(geng)種前10天(tian)左右(you),挑選(xuan)色彩艷(yan)麗、粒大豐滿、巨細共同的種子,耕(geng)種前進行(xing)藥劑拌種,防備地(di)下(xia)害蟲,確保苗齊苗壯。
??當令(ling)耕種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):耕種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期要(yao)合適,早了(le)易(yi)影響花(hua)(hua)芽(ya)分化,且在出(chu)苗(miao)(miao)前期遇(yu)到低溫(wen)陰雨(yu)天氣易(yi)爛種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong);耕種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)晚了(le)不能充(chong)分利(li)用成長(chang)期,影響有用花(hua)(hua)數量(liang)和莢果發育,降低產量(liang)和品(pin)質。一(yi)般在5厘米地溫(wen)穩(wen)定(ding)在15攝氏度以上時(shi)耕種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)較為(wei)適合。栽(zai)培(pei)密度一(yi)般大花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)控制(zhi)在每畝(mu)8000穴左右(you),小花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)控制(zhi)在每畝(mu)10000穴左右(you),每穴2~3粒種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)即可。在耕種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后10~15天如(ru)發現缺苗(miao)(miao)要(yao)及時(shi)催芽(ya)補種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或用備用苗(miao)(miao)帶土補種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),留意(yi)不要(yao)傷(shang)根(gen)。
??蹲(dun)苗除(chu)草(cao):在花生出(chu)(chu)苗后,立(li)即把周圍的土(tu)扒開,使(shi)榜首(shou)對側枝(zhi)的兩片子(zi)葉露(lu)出(chu)(chu)地面。麥(mai)套花生在麥(mai)收后3~5天(tian)內進行中(zhong)耕滅茬除(chu)草(cao)。一起,栽培戶需留意在封壟前的雨后或(huo)陰天(tian)進行培土(tu),作用是縮短果(guo)針(zhen)與(yu)地面的間隔,使(shi)果(guo)針(zhen)早入(ru)土(tu),添加結實率和飽果(guo)率。
??三次(ci)用(yong)(yong)藥:榜首次(ci),苗(miao)(miao)期(qi)到(dao)始(shi)花(hua)(hua)期(qi)之(zhi)間噴施。主張我們(men)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)含有(you)氨基酸葉面肥+吡(bi)唑醚(mi)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)酯(zhi)+苯醚(mi)甲(jia)環唑+螯(ao)合硼+鉬酸銨的(de)配方,補充花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)苗(miao)(miao)期(qi)所需養分元(yuan)素(su),防(fang)備(bei)(bei)因(yin)缺素(su)引起的(de)黃(huang)葉和成(cheng)長不(bu)良(liang)等現象,促進(jin)(jin)花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)根瘤菌(jun)(jun)(jun)的(de)成(cheng)長,提(ti)高(gao)固氮(dan)能力,確保苗(miao)(miao)齊(qi)、苗(miao)(miao)壯,并為(wei)花(hua)(hua)多、花(hua)(hua)齊(qi)創造有(you)利條件。第(di)2次(ci),花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)盛花(hua)(hua)后期(qi)到(dao)下(xia)針期(qi)之(zhi)間噴施。主張我們(men)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)含有(you)塞弗(fu)酰胺+烯效(xiao)唑+吡(bi)唑醚(mi)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)酯(zhi)+螯(ao)合鈣的(de)配方。首要作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)是控制花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)旺(wang)長,進(jin)(jin)步下(xia)針、坐果率(lv),并有(you)用(yong)(yong)防(fang)備(bei)(bei)花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)死苗(miao)(miao)爛(lan)根、葉斑病(bing)、銹(xiu)病(bing)、炭(tan)疽病(bing)、白絹(juan)病(bing)等病(bing)害。第(di)三次(ci),花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)結莢(jia)膨果期(qi)(花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)收獲前20左右)噴施。主張我們(men)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)氨基酸葉面肥+吡(bi)唑醚(mi)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)酯(zhi)+多菌(jun)(jun)(jun)靈(ling)福(fu)美雙+磷酸二氫鉀的(de)配方。可避免(mian)部分病(bing)害的(de)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng),延伸(shen)花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)葉片(pian)功(gong)能期(qi)避免(mian)早衰,促進(jin)(jin)莢(jia)果發(fa)育,進(jin)(jin)步飽果率(lv),完成(cheng)花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)優(you)質高(gao)產。