9月以(yi)(yi)來,小(xiao)(xiao)麥主產(chan)區呈現多(duo)輪降(jiang)雨氣候,造(zao)成(cheng)土壤過濕,部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)田(tian)塊呈現積水;受連續陰(yin)雨寡照氣候影響,前茬作物生育期(qi)推遲,加之部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)地(di)區收獲機械無(wu)法下地(di)作業(ye),不能(neng)及(ji)時騰茬。據氣象預報(bao),10月上中旬(xun),部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)地(di)區降(jiang)雨量仍較(jiao)常年同期(qi)偏(pian)多(duo)5成(cheng)以(yi)(yi)上,對前茬收獲和小(xiao)(xiao)麥耕種帶(dai)來晦氣影響。
現(xian)在,“寒露”至(zhi),正是小(xiao)麥耕(geng)種(zhong)的(de)最佳時期和關鍵(jian)時期。針對當(dang)時氣象條(tiao)件和出(chu)產形(xing)勢,農(nong)業鄉村部小(xiao)麥專家輔導組、全(quan)國(guo)農(nong)業技能推廣服務(wu)中(zhong)心日前(qian)制(zhi)定以“三搶兩早”為(wei)基(ji)礎(chu)的(de)小(xiao)麥抗濕應變耕(geng)種(zhong)管理技能定見。
詳細(xi)管理技(ji)能定見如下:
(一(yi))搶排(pai)積水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。對(dui)田(tian)間(jian)積水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)嚴峻、短(duan)時無法排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)的地(di)(di)塊(kuai),發(fa)動各方力(li)氣,抓(zhua)緊(jin)挖(wa)溝(gou)通(tong)渠(qu),有(you)條(tiao)件的地(di)(di)方安排(pai)機(ji)械抽水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),全力(li)掃除田(tian)間(jian)積水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。對(dui)一(yi)般積水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)地(di)(di)塊(kuai),趕(gan)快疏通(tong)溝(gou)渠(qu)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),開挖(wa)深(shen)溝(gou)瀝水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。對(dui)土壤濕度過大地(di)(di)塊(kuai),適時深(shen)松懈(xie)墑(di),瀝出(chu)耕層滯(zhi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),為農機(ji)趕(gan)快進地(di)(di)創造(zao)條(tiao)件。
(二)搶(qiang)收(shou)騰茬。對(dui)墑情適合(he)(he)的(de)地塊(kuai),充分發(fa)揮農(nong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)合(he)(he)作社、機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)耕服務隊的(de)效果,加(jia)快(kuai)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)收(shou)進(jin)展(zhan),進(jin)步機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)收(shou)質(zhi)量(liang)。對(dui)土壤濕度偏大、機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)可以(yi)進(jin)田(tian)的(de)地塊(kuai),搶(qiang)抓(zhua)晴(qing)好氣(qi)候,調集履帶(dai)式收(shou)割機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)或改進(jin)的(de)適合(he)(he)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)搶(qiang)時收(shou)獲。對(dui)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)械(xie)(xie)無法(fa)進(jin)田(tian)的(de)地塊(kuai),安排發(fa)動人工收(shou)獲,確(que)保應收(shou)盡收(shou)早收(shou)快(kuai)收(shou)。
(三(san))搶時耕(geng)種(zhong)。在(zai)寧早勿晚(wan)(wan)、搶抓農(nong)時的前(qian)提下,堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)遵守(shou)墑(di)(di)情(qing),當(dang)土壤相(xiang)對(dui)含水(shui)量(liang)(liang)達70%—80%時耕(geng)種(zhong),切實做(zuo)到適墑(di)(di)耕(geng)種(zhong);堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)遵守(shou)耕(geng)種(zhong)質量(liang)(liang),努力(li)做(zuo)到精(jing)密(mi)整(zheng)地(di)和精(jing)量(liang)(liang)耕(geng)種(zhong),確保(bao)苗齊苗勻(yun)苗壯;堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)量(liang)(liang)遵守(shou)播(bo)(bo)(bo)期(qi)(qi)(qi),根(gen)據播(bo)(bo)(bo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)確定(ding)基(ji)本苗,做(zuo)到早播(bo)(bo)(bo)少播(bo)(bo)(bo)、晚(wan)(wan)播(bo)(bo)(bo)多(duo)播(bo)(bo)(bo),著(zhu)力(li)構(gou)建(jian)合(he)理集(ji)體。對(dui)墑(di)(di)情(qing)適合(he)地(di)塊(kuai),強化(hua)精(jing)密(mi)整(zheng)地(di),想方設法擴展適期(qi)(qi)(qi)適墑(di)(di)耕(geng)種(zhong)份額,確保(bao)種(zhong)在(zai)適播(bo)(bo)(bo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)。對(dui)田(tian)間積(ji)水(shui)、土壤濕度(du)過(guo)大、短期(qi)(qi)(qi)無法散(san)墑(di)(di)整(zheng)地(di)的地(di)塊(kuai),堅(jian)持(chi)(chi)“四補(bu)(bu)(bu)一促”的晚(wan)(wan)播(bo)(bo)(bo)小麥應變技能(neng),選用早熟(shu)品(pin)種(zhong)、以種(zhong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)晚(wan)(wan),進步(bu)整(zheng)地(di)質量(liang)(liang)、以好補(bu)(bu)(bu)晚(wan)(wan),適當(dang)添加播(bo)(bo)(bo)量(liang)(liang)、以密(mi)補(bu)(bu)(bu)晚(wan)(wan),科學增上(shang)肥料、以肥補(bu)(bu)(bu)晚(wan)(wan),加強田(tian)間管理、一促究(jiu)竟。
(四)早抓田(tian)管。部分地區土壤(rang)過濕(shi),整(zheng)地耕種質量(liang)難以確保(bao),同(tong)時播期明顯拉長(chang),簡(jian)單導致小麥苗(miao)(miao)情(qing)雜亂,加大田(tian)間(jian)管理難度。要立(li)足管早管好(hao),加強(qiang)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)前田(tian)間(jian)管理。對(dui)土壤(rang)墑(di)情(qing)適合的地塊,做好(hao)冬(dong)(dong)(dong)天鎮壓(ya),壓(ya)實土壤(rang),確保(bao)墑(di)情(qing),避免凍害,預防倒伏。對(dui)苗(miao)(miao)情(qing)偏弱的地塊,結合降雨和灑水,及(ji)(ji)時上肥,促弱轉壯。對(dui)土壤(rang)墑(di)情(qing)變差(cha)的地塊,及(ji)(ji)時澆(jiao)好(hao)越冬(dong)(dong)(dong)水,保(bao)苗(miao)(miao)安全越冬(dong)(dong)(dong)。
(五)早(zao)(zao)防病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)。因為主產區大(da)部分(fen)地區土壤(rang)濕度較(jiao)大(da),添加了(le)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)草(cao)害產生的風(feng)險。堅(jian)持關口(kou)前移、防在(zai)前面,針對(dui)(dui)當地主要病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害,科(ke)學選用藥(yao)劑,做好種子(zi)包衣或藥(yao)劑拌種,減輕小(xiao)麥苗期(qi)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害產生基數(shu)。對(dui)(dui)小(xiao)麥條銹病(bing),堅(jian)持“帶藥(yao)偵查、發現(xian)一點、控制(zhi)一片”的戰略,力(li)求早(zao)(zao)發現(xian)早(zao)(zao)防控。對(dui)(dui)小(xiao)麥草(cao)害,堅(jian)持春(chun)草(cao)秋(qiu)治,在(zai)氣溫適合時(shi),選用對(dui)(dui)路藥(yao)劑,抓緊(jin)開展化(hua)學除草(cao)。