一、提(ti)早預防(fang)。過去發生褐斑病(bing)的田塊,在(zai)玉米(mi)4~5片葉期,用三唑(zuo)酮(tong)類或戊(wu)唑(zuo)醇等防(fang)治真(zhen)菌藥(yao)劑葉面噴(pen)霧,可預防(fang)玉米(mi)褐斑病(bing)的發生。
二、及時(shi)防治。玉(yu)米初發(fa)病時(shi)立即用三唑(zuo)酮類或戊唑(zuo)醇等防治真菌(jun)藥(yao)劑進行噴(pen)灑。根據目前多雨的氣候(hou)特(te)點,噴(pen)殺(sha)菌(jun)藥(yao)劑應(ying)2~3次,間(jian)隔7天(tian)左右(you),噴(pen)后6小時(shi)內如下雨應(ying)雨后補噴(pen)。也可采用愛苗(miao)和刺克葉面噴(pen)霧進行防治。
三(san)、及時追(zhui)肥。在(zai)積極防治(zhi)的同時,對發病的田塊(kuai)或(huo)(huo)長勢弱(ruo)的田塊(kuai),及時追(zhui)施尿素等速(su)效氮肥或(huo)(huo)噴施黃腐酸類等葉面肥,促進玉米生長,減輕病害損失。
該病(bing)(bing)(bing)發(fa)(fa)生在(zai)玉米葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)、葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)鞘(qiao)及莖(jing)稈,先在(zai)頂部(bu)(bu)(bu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)的尖端發(fa)(fa)生,以葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)和葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)鞘(qiao)交接(jie)處病(bing)(bing)(bing)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)最(zui)多,常密集成行,最(zui)初為黃(huang)褐多功能(neng)或紅褐色(se)(se)(se)小斑(ban)(ban)(ban)點(dian),病(bing)(bing)(bing)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)初為圓形或橢圓形到(dao)線形的白色(se)(se)(se)或黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se)小斑(ban)(ban)(ban)點(dian),葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)肉褪色(se)(se)(se)為紅黃(huang)色(se)(se)(se),許(xu)多小斑(ban)(ban)(ban)點(dian)通(tong)常連接(jie)在(zai)一起(qi)形成橫帶狀大(da)片(pian)黃(huang)斑(ban)(ban)(ban),隆(long)起(qi)附近的葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)組織(zhi)常呈紅色(se)(se)(se),小病(bing)(bing)(bing)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)常匯集在(zai)一起(qi),嚴重時葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)上(shang)出現幾段甚至全部(bu)(bu)(bu)布(bu)滿病(bing)(bing)(bing)斑(ban)(ban)(ban),在(zai)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)鞘(qiao)上(shang)和葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)脈(mo)上(shang)出現較大(da)的褐色(se)(se)(se)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)點(dian),后(hou)期病(bing)(bing)(bing)組織(zhi)逐漸變(bian)成褐色(se)(se)(se)或黑(hei)褐色(se)(se)(se),并愈合成大(da)而(er)(er)不(bu)規則斑(ban)(ban)(ban)塊,常連片(pian)致維(wei)管束壞死(si),造成葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)片(pian)無法輸送營養而(er)(er)枯死(si),對產量影響(xiang)很(hen)大(da)。發(fa)(fa)病(bing)(bing)(bing)后(hou)期病(bing)(bing)(bing)斑(ban)(ban)(ban)表皮破裂,葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)細(xi)胞組織(zhi)呈壞死(si)狀,散出褐色(se)(se)(se)粉末(病(bing)(bing)(bing)原菌的孢(bao)子囊),病(bing)(bing)(bing)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)局(ju)部(bu)(bu)(bu)散裂,葉(xie)(xie)(xie)(xie)脈(mo)和維(wei)管束殘存(cun)如絲狀。莖(jing)上(shang)病(bing)(bing)(bing)多發(fa)(fa)生于節的附近。此病(bing)(bing)(bing)可造成玉米減產在(zai)10%-20%,嚴重可達40%。